ABSTRACT
Aims: To investigate plasmid‑mediated quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The plasmid‑mediated quinolone resistance genes have been identified in many bacteria within the Enterobactericeae family, they have not been detected in P. aeruginosa isolates. Subjects and Methods: Identification of the isolates and testing of antibiotic susceptibility was performed in Vitek2 Compact (Biomeriux, France) and Phoinex (BD, USA) automated systems. Screening for the qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qnrC, aac (6′)‑Ib‑cr and qepA genes was carried out by PCR amplification and aac (6′)‑Ib‑cr DNA sequencing. Results: The qnr and the qepA genes were not detected in any of P. aeruginosa isolates. The aac (6’)‑Ib gene was detected in six of the isolates and positive isolates for aac (6’)‑Ib were sequenced for detection of the aac (6’)‑Ib‑cr variant but aac (6’)‑Ib‑cr was not detected in any isolates. Conclusions: Plasmid‑mediated quinolone resistance genes have so far not been identified in P. aeruginosa isolates. However, qnrB have detected in P. florescens and P. putida isolates. This is the first study conducted on the qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and qnrC genes as well as the qepA and aac (6’)‑Ib‑cr genes in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the prevalence of TEM-, SHV- and GES-type beta -lactamases among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains having ceftazidime MICs higher than 2 mg/L. METHODS: A total of 63 E. coli and 41 K. pneumoniae isolated from five different university hospitals were studied for the existence of TEM-, SHV- and GES-type beta -lactamases. Susceptibility tests were carried out according to the criteria of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. MICs were obtained by agar dilution method. Existence of extended-spectrum beta -lactamases (ESBLs) were assessed by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Existence of the above-mentioned beta -lactamase genes were studied both by PCR with specific oligonucleotide primers and isoelectric focusing methods. RESULTS: None of the isolates were carbapenem-resistant. DDSTs were positive in 50 (79.3%) and 33 (80.5%) of E. coli and K. pneumoniae , respectively. TEM gene was detected in 41 (65.1%) and 19 (46.3%), whereas SHV gene in 18 (28.6%) and 20 (48.8%) of E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains, respectively. GES genes were not detected. CONCLUSIONS: TEM and SHV genes are highly prevalent among ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae , whereas GES-type ESBLs are absent and found not to be responsible of ceftazidime resistance in Turkish hospitals.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Ceftazidime/pharmacology , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Hospitals , Humans , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Turkey , beta-Lactam Resistance , beta-Lactamases/geneticsABSTRACT
Omphalocele is often associated with various abnormalities. In two patients admitted with omphalocele, we additionally found defects both in the pars stenalis of diaphragm and in the diaphragmatic surface of the pericardium, sternal defect and tetralogy of Fallot. These entities form the components of a syndrome, named pentalogy of Cantrell. It is extremely in the spectrum of midline closure defects that display wide variations and its incidence is very low. Existing cardiac defect is the most important factor influencing morbidity and mortality. Herein we report two cases of pentalogy of Cantrell with the review of the syndrome in the light of literature.